Science

Common mistakes in health and lifestyle

8 mistakes learners make with health and lifestyle, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

What you eat, drink, breathe and do changes how the body works, and the effects add up over years.

Alcohol counted as not a drug

What it looks like

You sort alcohol and caffeine into the not a drug column, keeping the word for illegal substances only.

Why it happens

Drug is used in everyday speech to mean illegal, and alcohol is sold in supermarkets.

A worked example

Question. Which of these are drugs?

A common answer. Only the illegal ones

The answer. Alcohol, caffeine and nicotine are all drugs, and so are medicines

Why. A drug is any substance that changes how the body works.

Put the two side by side

Legal says who may sell it.
Drug says what it does to your body.

Sort by effect on the body, not by whether a shop can sell it.

Energy drinks thought to make energy

What it looks like

You say an energy drink gives the body energy, when the alertness comes from caffeine and the energy itself comes from the sugar, the same as from any sugary drink.

Why it happens

The can says energy, and you do feel different within minutes, so the label seems confirmed.

A worked example

Question. Why does an energy drink make you feel more awake?

A common answer. It gives your body extra energy

The answer. Caffeine makes you feel more awake, and the sugar is the energy, the same as in any sugary drink

Why. Energy is released from food in respiration. A stimulant only changes how tired you feel.

Put the two side by side

Feeling alert is the caffeine.
Energy is the sugar, and it is not free of consequences.

Separate what a substance does to your senses from what it does to your cells.

Every fat treated as bad for you

What it looks like

You mark a balanced diet as one with no fat in it at all.

Why it happens

Fat is the word on every warning label, and the healthiest looking foods are often the ones advertised as fat free.

A worked example

Question. A balanced diet

A common answer. Contains no fat

The answer. Contains some fat, mostly unsaturated

Why. Fat carries some vitamins, insulates the body and stores energy.

Put the two side by side

Too much saturated fat raises the risk of heart disease.
No fat at all costs you vitamins A, D, E and K.

Balanced means the right amount of each, never none of one.

Muscle believed to turn into fat

What it looks like

You explain that an athlete who stops training turns their muscle into fat.

Why it happens

The change in shape is real and happens in the same place on the body, so one tissue seems to have become the other.

A worked example

Question. An athlete stops training for a year

A common answer. The muscle turns into fat

The answer. The muscle gets smaller from disuse, and fat is stored because the eating did not change

Why. They are two different tissues. Neither can become the other.

Put the two side by side

Muscle shrinking and fat being stored are two separate changes.
They happen together, which is why it looks like one change.

Describe each tissue separately and the story stays true.

Protein alone believed to build muscle

What it looks like

You say eating more protein builds muscle, with no exercise in the answer.

Why it happens

Protein is named as the nutrient for growth and repair, and every protein product is sold beside a picture of a muscle.

A worked example

Question. How does someone build muscle?

A common answer. By eating more protein

The answer. By exercising the muscle, with enough protein in the diet to repair it

Why. Protein is the building material. Exercise is what asks for the building.

Put the two side by side

Extra protein without training is just extra food.
Training without protein leaves the repair unfinished.

Name both the trigger and the material when you explain growth.

Smoking thought to harm the lungs only

What it looks like

You list the harm from smoking as lung damage, with nothing about the heart or the blood.

Why it happens

The lungs are where the smoke goes, and the pictures on the packet are of lungs.

A worked example

Question. What does smoking damage?

A common answer. The lungs

The answer. The lungs, and the heart and blood vessels, because carbon monoxide and nicotine reach every part

Why. What enters the blood at the lungs travels everywhere the blood goes.

Put the two side by side

Tar stays in the lungs.
Carbon monoxide and nicotine travel in the blood to the whole body.

Follow the substance into the blood, then ask where the blood goes.

Sweat taken as fat being burned

What it looks like

You judge how much fat a run burned by how much you sweated.

Why it happens

Both go up with effort, and the weight on the scales really does drop straight after exercise.

A worked example

Question. Weighing less straight after a run

A common answer. That is the fat you burned

The answer. That is mostly water lost as sweat, and it comes back when you drink

Why. Sweating cools you down. Fat is used up in respiration, which you cannot see.

Put the two side by side

The scales move back up after a glass of water.
Fat used in respiration leaves mostly as carbon dioxide you breathe out.

Judge exercise by what you did, not by how wet your shirt is.

Vitamins counted as an energy source

What it looks like

You list vitamins alongside carbohydrates and fats as something the body burns for energy.

Why it happens

Vitamin tablets are sold with promises of energy, and vitamins do sit in the same list of nutrients as the foods that are burned.

A worked example

Question. Which nutrient does the body use for energy?

A common answer. Vitamins

The answer. Carbohydrates first, then fats

Why. Vitamins are needed in tiny amounts to make reactions work, not to be burned.

Put the two side by side

Vitamins keep the machinery working.
Carbohydrates and fats are the fuel the machinery burns.

Ask whether the nutrient is fuel or a tool. Vitamins are tools.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

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