Science

Common mistakes in the atmosphere

4 mistakes learners make with the atmosphere, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Air is mostly nitrogen, about a fifth oxygen, and a very small amount of everything else.

A gas named that is barely in the air

What it looks like

Hydrogen or another trace gas is given as a main component of the atmosphere.

Why it happens

Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe, which makes it a plausible guess.

A worked example

Question. Which gas is about 78 per cent of the air

A common answer. hydrogen

The answer. nitrogen

Why. Free hydrogen is so light that it escapes the atmosphere almost entirely.

Put the two side by side

The universe is mostly hydrogen.
The Earth's air is mostly nitrogen.

The composition of air is a local fact about this planet, not a general one.

A gas that is not a greenhouse gas chosen as one

What it looks like

Nitrogen, oxygen or helium is named as the greenhouse gas released by burning fossil fuels.

Why it happens

All are gases, all are in the air, and the link to burning is not made explicit.

A worked example

Question. Which gas from burning fossil fuels adds to the greenhouse effect

A common answer. nitrogen

The answer. carbon dioxide

Why. Fossil fuels are made of carbon, so burning them releases carbon dioxide.

Put the two side by side

Nitrogen and oxygen make up most of the air and trap almost no heat.
Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour trap heat.

Start from what the fuel is made of. Carbon in means carbon dioxide out.

Carbon dioxide thought to be a large part of the air

What it looks like

Carbon dioxide is chosen as a major component of the atmosphere.

Why it happens

It is discussed constantly because of climate change, so it feels like a large quantity.

A worked example

Question. Which gas is about 78 per cent of the air

A common answer. carbon dioxide

The answer. nitrogen

Why. Carbon dioxide is about 0.04 per cent, which is why it is measured in parts per million.

Put the two side by side

Nitrogen: roughly four fifths.
Carbon dioxide: about four hundredths of one per cent.

How much something is talked about says nothing about how much of it there is.

Oxygen thought to be most of the air

What it looks like

Oxygen is given as the gas making up 78 per cent of the air, or as half or more of it.

Why it happens

Oxygen is the gas that matters to you, and the one every lesson about air mentions.

A worked example

Question. Which gas is about 78 per cent of the air

A common answer. oxygen

The answer. nitrogen

Why. Oxygen is about a fifth; nitrogen is roughly four fifths.

Put the two side by side

Nitrogen: about 78 per cent, and almost inert.
Oxygen: about 21 per cent, and does nearly all the chemistry.

Important is not the same as abundant. Oxygen matters most and is not the most.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

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