Science

Common mistakes in variation

4 mistakes learners make with variation, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Some differences are inherited, some are caused by the surroundings, and many are both.

A biology term swapped for a similar one

What it looks like

Reproduction or respiration is given where variation is wanted.

Why it happens

The words share a rhythm and are all learned in the same term.

A worked example

Question. Differences between individuals of the same species

A common answer. reproduction

The answer. variation

Why. Reproduction is how new individuals are made, not how they differ.

Put the two side by side

Reproduction: making new individuals.
Variation: how those individuals differ.

Say what the word means in your own words before choosing it.

Environmental variation labelled genetic

What it looks like

Variation caused only by surroundings is named as inherited or genetic variation.

Why it happens

Genetic is the word that has been said most often, so it comes out first.

A worked example

Question. Variation caused only by surroundings, such as a scar

A common answer. genetic variation

The answer. environmental variation

Why. The cause named in the question is the surroundings, which is what environmental means.

Put the two side by side

Genetic variation comes from alleles.
Environmental variation comes from what happened.

The name of the type is the name of the cause. Read the cause and the name follows.

How it varies confused with what caused it

What it looks like

Continuous or discontinuous is given as an answer to a question about the cause of variation.

Why it happens

Both pairs of words are taught as ways of classifying variation, so they blur together.

A worked example

Question. Variation caused only by the surroundings

A common answer. continuous variation

The answer. environmental variation

Why. Continuous describes the shape of the data, not where the variation came from.

Put the two side by side

Inherited or environmental answers where it came from.
Continuous or discontinuous answers what the data looks like.

Two different questions. Check which one is being asked before choosing a word.

Something acquired during life called inherited

What it looks like

A scar, a tattoo or a suntan is given as an example of inherited variation.

Why it happens

They are all real differences between people, and inherited is being read as simply having.

A worked example

Question. An example of inherited variation

A common answer. a scar

The answer. eye colour

Why. A scar happened to you; it is not written in the DNA you were born with.

Put the two side by side

Inherited: came from your parents in the DNA.
Environmental: happened to you during your life.

Ask whether a newborn could already have it. If not, it was not inherited.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

More science topics