Science

Common mistakes in the periodic table

4 mistakes learners make with the periodic table, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

The group number tells you the outer electrons, and the outer electrons decide the reactions.

Every atom given a full outer shell

What it looks like

Eight is given as the number of outer electrons whatever group the element is in.

Why it happens

Eight is the number stressed most often, because a full shell is what everything is trying to reach.

A worked example

Question. Group 2

A common answer. 8 outer electrons

The answer. 2 outer electrons

Why. Eight is what the atom wants, not what it has.

Put the two side by side

A full outer shell is the target.
The group number is what the atom actually starts with.

Reactivity comes from the gap between the two. If they were equal, nothing would react.

Period number used for outer electrons

What it looks like

An element in Group 2, Period 3 is given three outer electrons.

Why it happens

Two numbers are offered and only one of them is the right one to use.

A worked example

Question. Group 2, Period 3

A common answer. 3 outer electrons

The answer. 2 outer electrons

Why. The group number gives the outer electrons; the period gives the number of shells.

Put the two side by side

Group: how many electrons in the outer shell.
Period: how many shells there are.

Group is across, and it is the one that decides the chemistry.

Similar properties explained by mass

What it looks like

Elements in a group are said to behave alike because they have similar masses.

Why it happens

Mass is printed on every box in the table, so it is the most visible number.

A worked example

Question. Why a group behaves alike

A common answer. they have similar masses

The answer. they have the same number of outer electrons

Why. Lithium and caesium behave alike and their masses are wildly different.

Put the two side by side

Masses down a group differ enormously.
Outer electron counts down a group are identical.

Chemistry is decided by the outer electrons. Mass decides almost nothing about reactions.

The group number read off wrongly

What it looks like

A Group 2 element is given one outer electron.

Why it happens

The columns are counted from the wrong end, or the group is read off a neighbouring column.

A worked example

Question. Group 2

A common answer. 1 outer electron

The answer. 2 outer electrons

Why. The group number is the number of outer electrons, directly.

Put the two side by side

Group 1: one outer electron, like sodium.
Group 2: two outer electrons, like magnesium.

For the main groups the number is the answer. No calculation is needed.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

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