Maths

Common mistakes in the chain rule

3 mistakes learners make with the chain rule, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Differentiate the outside, leave the inside alone, then multiply by the derivative of the inside.

The inside function never differentiated

What it looks like

(2x + 1)^5 differentiates to 5(2x + 1)^4, with the derivative of the inside missing.

Why it happens

The outer power rule is the familiar part and it produces a complete-looking answer.

A worked example

Question. (2x + 1)^5

A common answer. 5(2x + 1)^4

The answer. 10(2x + 1)^4

Why. The inside differentiates to 2, and that 2 multiplies the whole thing.

Put the two side by side

Outer only: 5(2x+1)^4.
Times the inside derivative: 10(2x+1)^4.

Chain rule has two factors. If your answer has only one, the chain is missing.

The outer power dropped

What it looks like

The derivative of the inside is applied and the outer power is not brought down.

Why it happens

Once the inner derivative is remembered it feels like the hard part is handled.

A worked example

Question. (2x + 1)^5

A common answer. 2(2x + 1)^4

The answer. 10(2x + 1)^4

Why. Both the 5 from the power and the 2 from the inside multiply, giving 10.

Put the two side by side

Inside only: 2(2x+1)^4.
Both factors: 10(2x+1)^4.

Write both multipliers down before combining them. Neither is optional.

The power multiplied but not reduced

What it looks like

The coefficient is brought down correctly and the power stays where it was.

Why it happens

Bringing the power down is the step you concentrate on, and reducing it is an afterthought.

A worked example

Question. (2x + 1)^5

A common answer. 10(2x + 1)^5

The answer. 10(2x + 1)^4

Why. Differentiating always lowers the power by one.

Put the two side by side

Power still 5: nothing has actually been differentiated.
Power now 4: the degree has dropped, as it must.

The degree of a derivative is always one less. Check it before moving on.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

More maths topics