Maths

Common mistakes in factorising harder quadratics

3 mistakes learners make with factorising harder quadratics, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

With a leading coefficient, the pair of numbers has to multiply to a times c.

A common factor left inside a bracket

What it looks like

The factorisation is correct in form but one bracket still has a factor that could come out.

Why it happens

The brackets multiply back correctly, so nothing about the answer looks wrong.

A worked example

Question. 6x^2 - 7x - 20

A common answer. (2x + 4)(3x - 5)

The answer. (3x + 4)(2x - 5)

Why. 2x + 4 still has a 2 in common, so this is not fully factorised, and it does not expand back correctly.

Put the two side by side

A bracket with a common factor inside is not finished.
Fully factorised means nothing can come out of any bracket.

Scan each bracket for a shared factor before writing the answer down.

Finding numbers that multiply but do not add

What it looks like

x squared minus 5x plus 6 is factorised with 1 and 6, which multiply to 6 but add to 7.

Why it happens

The product is the condition that is easier to test, so the first pair that works for it gets taken.

A worked example

Question. x^2 - 5x + 6

A common answer. (x - 1)(x - 6), because 1 x 6 = 6

The answer. (x - 2)(x - 3)

Why. The pair has to do both jobs: multiply to 6 and add to -5, and only -2 and -3 do.

Put the two side by side

-2 x -3 = 6 and -2 + -3 = -5.
-1 x -6 = 6 but -1 + -6 = -7.

Two conditions, one pair. List the factor pairs and check the sum of each.

Reading the roots straight out of the brackets

What it looks like

x squared minus 5x plus 6 = 0 is solved as x = -2 or x = -3.

Why it happens

The brackets say minus 2 and minus 3, and copying them out is the obvious next move.

A worked example

Question. (x - 2)(x - 3) = 0

A common answer. x = -2 or x = -3

The answer. x = 2 or x = 3

Why. Each bracket has to equal zero, and x - 2 = 0 happens when x is +2.

Put the two side by side

(x - 2)(x - 3) = 0 gives x = 2 and x = 3.
(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0 gives x = -2 and x = -3.

Set each bracket to zero and solve it. The sign always turns over.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

More maths topics