Maths

Common mistakes in gradient from two points

3 mistakes learners make with gradient from two points, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Gradient is the change in y divided by the change in x, in that order.

A coordinate given as the gradient

What it looks like

One of the numbers from the two points is offered as the gradient.

Why it happens

Four numbers are in the question and any of them is a candidate if the method has not landed.

A worked example

Question. (1, 3) to (4, 12)

A common answer. 4

The answer. 3

Why. The 4 is where the second point sits, not how steep the line is.

Put the two side by side

Coordinates say where.
Gradient says how steep.

A gradient always comes from a subtraction and a division, never straight off the page.

The change in y given without dividing

What it looks like

From (1, 3) to (4, 12) the gradient is given as 9.

Why it happens

Nine is the difference the question is really about, and it is the harder step.

A worked example

Question. (1, 3) to (4, 12)

A common answer. 12 - 3 = 9

The answer. 9 / 3 = 3

Why. The line rose 9 while moving 3 across, so it rises 3 for every 1 across.

Put the two side by side

9 is the total rise.
3 is the rise for each step across.

A gradient is always a rate. It has to be divided by the run.

The gradient calculated the wrong way up

What it looks like

The change in x is divided by the change in y.

Why it happens

Both differences are worked out and only the order of the division separates the two answers.

A worked example

Question. (1, 3) to (4, 12)

A common answer. 3 / 9 = 1/3

The answer. 9 / 3 = 3

Why. Gradient is how much it rises for each step across, so the rise is on top.

Put the two side by side

1/3 would be a gentle slope.
3 is steep, which matches rising 9 while moving 3.

Say the words: change in y over change in x. Y is on top because y is up.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

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