Maths

Common mistakes in enlargement

4 mistakes learners make with enlargement, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Lengths multiply by the scale factor and areas multiply by its square.

A transformation that preserves size thought to change it

What it looks like

Translation, reflection or rotation is picked as the transformation that changes the size.

Why it happens

All four are called transformations, and transform sounds like change.

A worked example

Question. Which transformation does not keep the shape the same size

A common answer. translation

The answer. enlargement

Why. A translation only slides the shape; every length stays exactly as it was.

Put the two side by side

Translation, reflection, rotation: congruent, same size.
Enlargement: similar, different size.

Three of the four preserve size. Only the one with size in its name does not.

Divided by the scale factor

What it looks like

An enlargement makes the shape smaller, because the factor was divided by.

Why it happens

Enlargements with fractional factors do shrink things, so the direction is not automatic.

A worked example

Question. Area 12 cm squared, scale factor 3

A common answer. 12 / 3 = 4

The answer. 12 x 9 = 108

Why. A scale factor greater than 1 always makes the shape bigger.

Put the two side by side

Factor 3: three times as long.
Factor 1/3: a third as long.

Compare the factor with 1. Above it grows, below it shrinks.

The scale factor added instead of multiplied

What it looks like

An enlargement is carried out by adding the factor to each length.

Why it happens

Adding makes it bigger, which is what enlargement is supposed to do.

A worked example

Question. Point (6, 2) enlarged by scale factor 2 from the origin

A common answer. (8, 4)

The answer. (12, 4)

Why. Every length has to double, and adding 2 does not double 6.

Put the two side by side

Adding 2: 6 becomes 8.
Multiplying by 2: 6 becomes 12.

Enlargement is always a multiplier. Adding would change the shape.

The scale factor used on an area without squaring

What it looks like

An area is multiplied by the scale factor rather than by its square.

Why it happens

The scale factor is the number the question gives, so it is the number that gets used.

A worked example

Question. Area 12 cm squared, scale factor 3

A common answer. 12 x 3 = 36

The answer. 12 x 9 = 108

Why. Both the length and the width triple, so the area goes up nine times.

Put the two side by side

Lengths: multiply by 3.
Areas: multiply by 3 squared.

Draw a 1 by 1 square enlarged by 3. Nine of the original fit inside it.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

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