Maths

Common mistakes in angles in polygons

5 mistakes learners make with angles in polygons, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Interior angles come from splitting the polygon into triangles; exterior angles always total 360.

An angle given where the number of sides was wanted

What it looks like

The question asks how many sides and the answer given is an angle, in degrees.

Why it happens

The working really does produce an angle on the way, and it is the last number written down.

A worked example

Question. Each interior angle is 150 degrees, how many sides

A common answer. 30, which is the exterior angle

The answer. 12

Why. The exterior angle is a step on the way; the number of sides is 360 divided by it.

Put the two side by side

30 degrees: the size of one exterior angle.
12: how many of them fit into 360.

Check the unit of your answer. A count of sides never has degrees after it.

Interior and exterior angles swapped

What it looks like

An exterior angle is given as the interior one, or the two are used in each other's formula.

Why it happens

They sit at the same corner and add to 180, so they are easy to slide between.

A worked example

Question. Each exterior angle of a regular octagon

A common answer. 135 degrees

The answer. 45 degrees

Why. 135 is the interior angle; the exterior one is what is left of the straight line.

Put the two side by side

Interior: inside the shape.
Exterior: the turn you make walking round the outside, and they total 360.

Exterior angles are always the easier calculation: 360 divided by the number of sides.

One angle given where the total was wanted

What it looks like

The size of a single interior angle is given as the sum of all of them, or the reverse.

Why it happens

Both are angle facts about the same polygon and the words sum and angle sit close together.

A worked example

Question. The sum of the interior angles of a regular pentagon

A common answer. 108 degrees

The answer. 540 degrees

Why. 108 is one of them; there are five, and they total 540.

Put the two side by side

One angle: 108.
All five together: 540.

Check whether the question says each or sum. Those two words do all the work.

The two not taken off the number of sides

What it looks like

The interior angle sum of a hexagon is worked out as 6 x 180, or 5 x 180.

Why it happens

The formula is remembered as sides times 180, because that is most of it.

A worked example

Question. A hexagon

A common answer. 6 x 180 = 1080

The answer. (6 - 2) x 180 = 720

Why. A hexagon splits into four triangles, not six.

Put the two side by side

Six sides.
Four triangles inside it.

Draw the diagonals from one corner. Count the triangles, and that is what to multiply by 180.

The wrong polygon used

What it looks like

A hexagon is treated as having five sides, so the answer is a pentagon's.

Why it happens

The polygon names are Greek and are not obviously connected to their numbers.

A worked example

Question. A hexagon

A common answer. (5 - 2) x 180 = 540

The answer. (6 - 2) x 180 = 720

Why. Hex means six, as in hexadecimal or a hexagonal nut.

Put the two side by side

Pentagon: 5, and 540 degrees.
Hexagon: 6, and 720 degrees.

Learn the prefixes once: penta 5, hexa 6, hepta 7, octa 8. They recur everywhere.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

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