English

Common mistakes in commas

4 mistakes learners make with commas, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

A comma marks a boundary the reader needs, so it goes between parts, never between a subject and its verb.

A comma between the subject and its verb

What it looks like

'She, likes reading books about animals' is chosen.

Why it happens

A short pause after the person being talked about feels natural when the sentence is read aloud slowly.

A worked example

Question. She likes reading.

A common answer. She, likes reading.

The answer. She likes reading.

Why. Nothing is being separated: the subject and its verb belong together.

Put the two side by side

The boy in the blue coat, who arrived late, sat down: commas around an interruption.
The boy, sat down: nothing is interrupted, so nothing is marked.

Never cut a subject off from its verb.

A comma dropped inside a phrase that should stay whole

What it looks like

'The dog ran quickly, across the garden' is chosen, splitting the verb from where it happened.

Why it happens

Reading aloud invites a breath, and a breath gets written down as a comma whether the grammar wants one or not.

A worked example

Question. The dog ran quickly across the garden.

A common answer. ran quickly, across the garden

The answer. The dog ran quickly across the garden.

Why. Where it ran is part of the same idea as the running.

Put the two side by side

After the storm passed, the sky turned bright: a whole clause is set off.
The dog ran quickly, across the garden: only a fragment is.

A comma separates parts that could stand apart, not the inside of one part.

A comma placed after the conjunction

What it looks like

'I went to the shops and, bought some milk' is chosen.

Why it happens

A pause is heard somewhere around the join, and the conjunction is the most visible thing there to put it next to.

A worked example

Question. I went to the shops and bought some milk

A common answer. and, bought some milk

The answer. shops, and bought some milk

Why. The comma marks where the parts meet, which is before the joining word, not after it.

Put the two side by side

She was tired, but she carried on.
She was tired but, she carried on.

The comma goes in front of the conjunction. Never behind it.

The end mark chosen without reading the sentence type

What it looks like

'What an incredible performance that was' is given a full stop or a question mark.

Why it happens

It opens with what, which is how questions usually start, and a full stop is the mark that ends most sentences, so both are reasonable guesses if the sentence is not read as a whole.

A worked example

Question. What an incredible performance that was

A common answer. a question mark, because it starts with what

The answer. an exclamation mark

Why. It is not asking anything: it is an exclamation about how good the performance was.

Put the two side by side

What time is it? A question, so a question mark.
What a performance that was! An exclamation, so an exclamation mark.

Decide what the sentence is doing before choosing how to end it.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

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