English

Common mistakes in language techniques

5 mistakes learners make with language techniques, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Name the device by what it actually does to the words, then say what it makes the reader feel.

A speech verb that fights the feeling

What it looks like

A trembling character bellowed her doubt.

Why it happens

Any dramatic verb feels like an upgrade on said, even when it points the wrong way.

A worked example

Question. I am not sure, blank Priya, her hands trembling: whispered or bellowed?

A common answer. Bellowed

The answer. Whispered

Why. Trembling hands show nerves, and nervous people go quiet. Bellowed is loud and confident, which fights the picture the sentence paints.

Put the two side by side

Bellowed fights the trembling hands.
Whispered matches them.

Match the speech verb to the character's feeling, not to how dramatic it sounds.

A technique that works against the wanted effect

What it looks like

Short punchy sentences are chosen to slow a story down.

Why it happens

Every option on the list is a real technique, so each one feels defensible on its own.

A worked example

Question. Which choice slows the pace and builds tension?

A common answer. Lots of short punchy sentences

The answer. Detailed description of the setting and the character's thoughts

Why. Short sentences speed reading up. Lingering description holds the reader in the moment, which is what slowing the pace means.

Put the two side by side

Short sentences sprint.
Slow description lingers.

Name the effect you want first, then pick the technique that produces it.

One sound device named for another

What it looks like

Sibilance is called alliteration, or assonance is called onomatopoeia.

Why it happens

They are all about the sound of the words rather than their meaning, and they are usually taught together in one lesson.

A worked example

Question. She sells sea shells on the sunny shore.

A common answer. onomatopoeia

The answer. sibilance

Why. The repeated sound is s, and a run of s sounds has its own name.

Put the two side by side

Alliteration: the same letter starts several words.
Sibilance: s and sh sounds running through a line.

Say it aloud and listen for which sound repeats, then name that sound.

Simile and metaphor swapped

What it looks like

'The storm was a furious beast' is called a simile.

Why it happens

Both compare one thing to another, and simile is the term that gets taught first and hardest.

A worked example

Question. The storm was a furious beast.

A common answer. simile

The answer. metaphor

Why. It says the storm was a beast, not that it was like one.

Put the two side by side

Like a beast, as fierce as a beast: simile.
Was a beast: metaphor.

Look for like or as. Without them it is a metaphor.

Third person mistaken for first

What it looks like

She crept through the forest is offered as first person.

Why it happens

The sentence is vivid and personal in feel, and feel gets mistaken for grammatical person.

A worked example

Question. Which sentence is written in the first person?

A common answer. She crept through the forest

The answer. I pressed my back against the cold wall

Why. First person means the narrator says I or we. She and he are third person, however close the camera feels.

Put the two side by side

She and he tell someone else's story.
I and we tell my story.

Look for the actual pronoun, not the feeling of closeness.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

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