Reasoning and 11 Plus

Common mistakes in number patterns

7 mistakes learners make with number patterns, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Find what happens between each pair of terms, then check it works for all of them.

A growing gap treated as fixed

What it looks like

A sequence whose gaps increase is continued with a constant step.

Why it happens

Most sequences met earlier do have a constant step, so it is the pattern the eye looks for first.

A worked example

Question. A, C, F, J, O, ?

A common answer. T

The answer. U

Why. The gaps are 2, 3, 4, 5, so the next gap is 6.

Put the two side by side

Constant gap of 5 gives T.
Gaps of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 give U.

Write the gaps underneath the sequence. If they are not all the same, they are a sequence too.

A symbol repeated in a row that uses each once

What it looks like

Grey is chosen for the missing cell when grey already sits in that row.

Why it happens

The eye checks that the pattern looks nice, not whether the row rule still holds.

A worked example

Question. Each row and column has white, grey and black exactly once. Row 3 is black, blank, grey. What fills the blank?

A common answer. Grey

The answer. White

Why. The row already contains grey and black, so the only shade the rule allows is white.

Put the two side by side

Grey would appear twice in the row.
White completes the row with each shade used once.

Tick off what the row and column already contain before choosing.

A term from the sequence repeated

What it looks like

One of the numbers already in the sequence is given as the next one.

Why it happens

The numbers on the page are the only ones available if the rule has not been found.

A worked example

Question. 3, 4, 5, 6, ?

A common answer. 5

The answer. 7

Why. 5 has already appeared, and the sequence is increasing.

Put the two side by side

5 is already in the list.
7 continues the pattern.

An increasing sequence never repeats. Check your answer is bigger than the last term.

Only one of the two rules applied

What it looks like

The right shape appears in the wrong colour, or the right colour on the wrong shape.

Why it happens

Getting one rule right feels like the job done, and the second rule slips past.

A worked example

Question. Row 3 uses hexagons and column 2 uses grey. What goes at row 3, column 2?

A common answer. A black hexagon

The answer. A grey hexagon

Why. The cell must obey its row and its column at the same time: hexagon from the row, grey from the column.

Put the two side by side

A black hexagon obeys the row only.
A grey hexagon obeys the row and the column.

Every cell in a grid answers to its row and its column at once.

The rule applied to the wrong cell

What it looks like

Row 3 times column 3 is answered with the value for a neighbouring cell.

Why it happens

Rows and columns are easy to swap or slip by one when the grid is only imagined.

A worked example

Question. Each cell holds row times column stars. How many in row 3, column 3?

A common answer. 12, which is row 3 times column 4

The answer. 9

Why. The missing cell is row 3, column 3, so it holds 3 times 3. Reading a neighbouring cell gives a different number.

Put the two side by side

12 belongs to a different cell.
9 is row 3 times column 3.

Point at the exact cell and say its row and column out loud before calculating.

The step doubled at the last term

What it looks like

The final step is twice the size of the earlier ones.

Why it happens

Continuing a pattern feels like it should accelerate, and the last term gets a bigger jump.

A worked example

Question. 3, 4, 5, 6, ?

A common answer. 8

The answer. 7

Why. Each term goes up by 1, so the next is 7.

Put the two side by side

Every gap so far is 1.
So the next gap is 1 too.

The next gap is the same as the last gap unless the gaps themselves form a pattern.

The step size misread

What it looks like

The pattern is continued with a step that does not match the earlier terms.

Why it happens

One glance at two terms gives a step, and it is not always checked against the rest.

A worked example

Question. 2, 4, 6, ?

A common answer. 9

The answer. 8

Why. The step is 2 each time, so 6 becomes 8.

Put the two side by side

Steps of 2: 2, 4, 6, 8.
A step of 3 would have made it 2, 5, 8.

Work out every gap, not just the first. They have to agree before you use one.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

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