Reasoning and 11 Plus

Common mistakes in letter sequences

6 mistakes learners make with letter sequences, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Deal with each position in the pair as its own separate sequence.

An alternating pattern applied to the wrong terms

What it looks like

In a sequence where some pairs are reversed, the reversal is applied on the wrong step.

Why it happens

Two rules alternating means keeping track of which one is due, and that is one thing too many.

A worked example

Question. AB, DC, EF, HG, ?

A common answer. JI

The answer. IJ

Why. The pairs alternate forwards and reversed, and after HG the next is a forwards pair.

Put the two side by side

HG was reversed.
So the next one, IJ, is forwards.

Number the terms 1, 2, 3, 4. The odd ones follow one rule and the even ones the other.

One strand left where it was

What it looks like

One letter of the pair advances and the other is copied from the previous term.

Why it happens

Copying is what you do when a strand's rule has not been worked out.

A worked example

Question. AZ, BY, CX, DW, ?

A common answer. EW

The answer. EV

Why. The W belonged to the previous pair, and the second strand moves every time.

Put the two side by side

EW repeats the W from DW.
EV moves both strands on.

Both letters change at every step unless the sequence shows otherwise.

The alphabet counted one place out

What it looks like

The right rule is found and the letters land one place before or after the correct ones.

Why it happens

Counting through the alphabet in your head loses its place easily, especially past the middle.

A worked example

Question. AB, CD, EF, GH, ?

A common answer. HI

The answer. IJ

Why. GH ends at H, so the next pair starts at the letter after H.

Put the two side by side

HI overlaps with the pair before it.
IJ carries straight on from GH.

Write the alphabet along the top of the page once. Every letter question then becomes counting.

The first letter of the pair mishandled

What it looks like

The second letter follows the pattern and the first one does not.

Why it happens

Two independent sequences are running at once and only one of them holds the attention.

A worked example

Question. AZ, BY, CX, DW, ?

A common answer. FV

The answer. EV

Why. The first letters run A, B, C, D, so the next is E.

Put the two side by side

First letters: A, B, C, D, then E.
Second letters: Z, Y, X, W, then V.

Write the two strands on separate lines. Then neither can be forgotten.

The gap inside the pair changed

What it looks like

The pair given has a different internal gap from the pairs in the sequence.

Why it happens

The attention goes to how the pairs advance, and the gap inside each pair goes unchecked.

A worked example

Question. AB, CD, EF, GH, ?

A common answer. IK

The answer. IJ

Why. Every pair in the sequence is two consecutive letters, so the answer must be too.

Put the two side by side

IK skips the J.
IJ is consecutive, like every other pair.

Check the shape of your answer against the shape of the given terms, not just its position.

The second letter of the pair mishandled

What it looks like

The first letter follows the pattern and the second one does not.

Why it happens

The first strand is solved first and finishing it feels like finishing the question.

A worked example

Question. AZ, BY, CX, DW, ?

A common answer. EU

The answer. EV

Why. The second letters go backwards one at a time: Z, Y, X, W, then V.

Put the two side by side

EU moves the second strand two places.
EV moves it one, like every other step.

Check the size of the step in each strand against all the earlier terms.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.

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