Geography

Common mistakes in people and places

3 mistakes learners make with people and places, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Settlement, development and movement follow reasons that can be measured and compared.

A development indicator read the wrong way

What it looks like

A high infant mortality rate is treated as a sign of development, or a low one as a problem.

Why it happens

Some indicators go up as things improve and others go down, and which is which has to be recalled rather than reasoned.

A worked example

Question. A country's infant mortality rate falls sharply. What does this suggest?

A common answer. Conditions are getting worse

The answer. Health care and conditions are improving

Why. Infant mortality counts deaths, so a lower figure is a better outcome. Indicators that count bad things fall as life improves.

Put the two side by side

Indicators that count harm fall when things improve.
Indicators that count income rise when things improve.

Ask what the indicator counts before deciding which direction is good.

An effect given as the cause

What it looks like

Migration is explained by the shortage it produced, or flooding by the damage it caused.

Why it happens

Cause and effect appear in the same paragraph, and once the link is known either end can look like the start.

A worked example

Question. Why do people migrate to cities?

A common answer. Because cities become crowded

The answer. Because cities offer work and services

Why. Crowding is a consequence of migration, not its reason. The pull factor comes first.

Put the two side by side

Crowding is what migration produced.
Work and services are what drew people.

Ask which one had to exist first.

Local and global scale mixed up

What it looks like

A local answer is given to a global question, or a world pattern is used to explain one valley.

Why it happens

The same words describe both scales, so the size of the answer drifts from the size of the question.

A worked example

Question. Explain why one village floods.

A common answer. Because global sea levels are rising

The answer. Because of its own relief, drainage and land use

Why. A global trend may raise the risk everywhere, but it cannot explain why this village floods and its neighbour does not.

Put the two side by side

A global cause explains a global pattern.
A local cause explains a local difference.

Match the scale of the answer to the scale of the question.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.