French

Common mistakes in french grammar

6 mistakes learners make with french grammar, each one named and explained.

All common mistakes

Gender, agreement and verb endings all have to match the words they belong to.

The adjective not agreeing with its noun

What it looks like

Un petit maison, or elle est content, with the adjective left unchanged.

Why it happens

English adjectives never change, so agreement is an extra step with nothing to remind you of it.

A worked example

Question. Complete: elle est ____ (content).

A common answer. elle est content

The answer. elle est contente

Why. An adjective agrees with what it describes. A feminine subject takes the feminine form, usually adding -e.

Put the two side by side

Adjectives stay the same in English.
Adjectives change with the noun in French.

Check the gender and number of the noun before writing the adjective.

The adjective placed as it would be in English

What it looks like

Une rouge voiture, with the adjective in front as in English.

Why it happens

Word order is so automatic in your first language that it transfers without being noticed.

A worked example

Question. How do you say a red car?

A common answer. une rouge voiture

The answer. une voiture rouge

Why. Most French adjectives follow the noun. A few common ones go before it, and those have to be learned.

Put the two side by side

English puts the adjective first.
French usually puts it after.

Put the colour or description after the noun unless it is one of the short common ones.

The article does not match the noun's gender

What it looks like

Le is used with a feminine noun, or la with a masculine one.

Why it happens

English has one word for the, so gender has to be carried with each noun rather than worked out.

A worked example

Question. Which article goes with table?

A common answer. le table

The answer. la table

Why. Table is feminine in French, so it takes la. The gender belongs to the noun and has to be learned with it.

Put the two side by side

le goes with masculine nouns.
la goes with feminine nouns.

Learn every noun with its article attached, never on its own.

The verb ending does not match its subject

What it looks like

Il parlent or nous parle, where the ending belongs to a different person.

Why it happens

English changes the verb hardly at all, so the habit of matching the ending to the person has to be built.

A worked example

Question. Complete: nous ____ (parler).

A common answer. nous parle

The answer. nous parlons

Why. Each person has its own ending. Nous takes -ons for an -er verb.

Put the two side by side

The subject decides the ending.
The ending has to change with the subject.

Say the subject, then choose the ending that belongs to it.

The wrong auxiliary in the perfect tense

What it looks like

J'ai alle instead of je suis alle.

Why it happens

Avoir works for most verbs, so it becomes the default and the small group that take etre gets missed.

A worked example

Question. Complete: je ____ alle au marche.

A common answer. j'ai alle

The answer. je suis alle

Why. A group of verbs of movement and change take etre in the perfect tense, and their past participle then agrees.

Put the two side by side

Most verbs take avoir.
Movement verbs take etre and agree.

Check whether the verb is in the etre group before choosing.

The wrong tense chosen

What it looks like

A past event is written in the present, or a future one in the past.

Why it happens

The time marker sits elsewhere in the sentence and the verb gets chosen before it is read.

A worked example

Question. Hier, je ____ au cinema.

A common answer. je vais

The answer. je suis alle

Why. Hier means yesterday, so the verb has to be in the past. The time word tells you which tense to use.

Put the two side by side

Hier needs a past tense.
Demain needs a future.

Find the time word first, then choose the tense.

WAJD spots these patterns in your child's answers and names the one behind their wrong answers, instead of just marking them wrong.